This project, which ran from 2019 to 2022, worked to develop alternatives to animal testing for toxicological assays using human microphysiological systems involving simultaneous cultivation of three different 3D culture models (skin, liver, and intestinal barrier) on a single chip to evaluate the toxicity of topical treatments. The project was conducted as an RD collaboration between the Natura company and CNPEM/LNBio, with co-funding from EMBRAPII.